Mark Kramer

Harvard University

Mark Kramer is director of the Cold War studies program at Harvard University and a senior fellow of Harvard's Davis Center for Russian and Eurasian Studies. He has taught at Harvard, Yale, and Brown Universities and was formerly an Academy Scholar in Harvard's Academy of International and Area Studies and a Rhodes Scholar at Oxford University.

Kramer is the author or editor of several books and has written nearly 200 articles on a variety of topics. He has worked extensively in newly opened archives in all the former Warsaw Pact countries and several Western countries. He has been a consultant for numerous government agencies and international organizations.

Featured Work

<a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Thefalloftheberlinwall1989.JPG" target=_blank>The Fall of the Berlin Wall, 1989</a>.<br> Unknown photographer, public domain.

NOV 5, 2009 Article

The Opening of the Berlin Wall: A 20-Year Retrospective

The sudden downfall of the Communist regimes in 1989 and the opening of the Berlin Wall are sometimes depicted as the inevitable result of a lengthy ...